稻草覆盖对土壤理化性状和烤烟产量及品质的影响

在湖南永州对稻草翻压、稻草覆盖、地膜覆盖、不还田不覆盖进行了连续3年定位试验。结果表明，两种稻草还田方式均能改善土壤结构，稻草覆盖比稻草翻压的改土效果更为明显；稻草覆盖在烤烟生根期的保温作用不如地膜覆盖，烤烟进入旺长期以后，稻草覆盖土壤温、湿度变幅较小，能够维持相对适宜的温、湿度状况，而地膜覆盖及裸栽处理的烤烟整个生育期土壤温、湿度变幅较大，不利于烤烟生长。稻草覆盖比稻草翻压及地膜覆盖更有利于烤烟产量及品质的提高。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌转铁结合蛋白2基因克隆、序列分析及表达

参照猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniac)血清5型菌株序列ZA6774设计1对特异性引物，用PCR方法扩增转铁结合蛋白2(Tbp2)基因，得到1条1624bp的片段，然后克隆到pMD18-T载体中，经测序比较，与参考序列的核苷酸同源性达99．8％，从T-载体中切下目的片段后，定向克隆到pET32a( )中，转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)，经诱导后，SDS-PAGE电泳，Tbp2高效表达，Western-blotting鉴定呈阳性。     

灰色关联度法在区域生态示范建设可持续发展分析中的应用

为了分析区域生态示范建设的可持续发展程度,以吴旗县为例,选取区域生态示范建设可持续发展的指标,并构建了适宜的指标体系,用灰色关联分析法对指标体系进行了分析,计算出可持续发展的关联度和关联系数。根据关联度和关联系数得出该区域可持续发展的水平和趋势,同时指出了规划中某些不合理的方面,对生态示范区的可持续发展提供了定性和定量的依据。针对不足之处提出了有关意见和建议,以使可持续发展目标能够顺利实现。     

Discovery of c-SNPs in Anemone coronaria L. and Assessment of Genetic Variation

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered in 44 cDNA clones from leaves by comparison of the commercial cultivar ‘Mona Lisa‘ with a wild population of Anemone coronaria L. One hundred and fifty five SNPs were discovered with an average frequency of one SNP per 167 bp. Forty nine percent of the SNPs are transitions, 43 are transversions, 26 are heterozygotes and 9% are InDels. Eighty two (68%) of the SNPs located in the ORF, resulted in a change of amino acid while 39 (32%) did not affect the amino acid. Thirty eight SNPs (46%), which change the amino acid, resulted in similar amino acid, while 44 SNPs (54%) resulted in a non-similar amino acid. Nine polymorphic sites were genotyped by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using genomic DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of 50 individuals from six wild populations and the commercial cultivar revealed high polymorphism within and low polymorphism between A. coronaria L. wild populations. The phylogenetic tree revealed only one clear cluster of the ‘Mona Lisa’ cultivar. All the other individuals from the various wild populations are distributed on different nodes indicating that the genetic variation within the wild populations is high while the commercial cultivar is quite homogenous and genetically different from all other populations.     

淮北变性土性状特点对其生产性能的影响及农业利用对策

本研究基于黄淮海平原多个变性土剖面分层土壤样品的土壤理化性状分析数据,对其肥力特征、生产性能以及培肥改良措施进行了系统研究。相关结果表明,机械组成中粘粒含量高、质地粘重、土壤结构和孔隙性差是变性土主要物理性状特征,受其影响,土壤表现出耕作性能差、蓄水能力弱、保水性能不强等特点;化学性状主要表现为有机质含量不高、质量差,土壤氮素水平仍较低,耕层土壤速效磷含量分异加大,土壤速效钾含量缓慢降低,土壤CEC含量较高,土壤保肥性能强,但供肥性能较差等特点。这些性状特点对土壤生产性能的影响主要表现在土壤适耕期短,易受旱、涝(渍)灾害的危害,土壤有效养分低、营养失调,钙质结核影响土壤蓄水能力和水分运行以及作物根系生长等方面。指出:(1)增加土壤有机质,改良土壤理化性质;(2)合理施肥,促进土壤养分平衡;(3)改进耕作、灌溉技术,调控土壤水分状况等是培育变性土肥力质量、提高土壤生产性能的关键性措施。     

甬台温海岸带景观格局及生态脆弱性时空演变特征

[目的]分析浙江省宁波市、台州市及温州市的海岸带土地利用景观格局及生态脆弱性演变特征,以促进海岸带地区可持续发展,为生态建设及修复提供理论支撑。[方法]基于甬台温海岸带1995—2015年三期土地利用数据,采用"压力度—敏感度—恢复力"评价模型对研究区进行景观类型脆弱度和生态脆弱度评测。[结果]①景观格局变化表现为:耕地面积减少最多,其次为滩涂和林地;建设用地面积增加最多;耕地、林地斑块数量增多,呈破碎化趋势。②生态脆弱度高区域集中在杭州湾南岸的余姚市、慈溪市和台州湾的路桥区,20 a来研究区高脆弱度区域增多,整体生态脆弱度增加。③区域生态脆弱度与扰动指数、破碎度呈显著正相关,和景观脆弱度指数则完全相关。[结论]甬台温海岸带景观类型变化明显,生态脆弱性增强。     

吉林省稻田泥炭土的供钾状况和钾肥效用

稻田泥炭土主要分布于东北三省寒温带河谷平原及山谷洼地^[2],是开垦草炭土或腐泥土,种植水稻而形成的一种低产土壤。 据调查,吉林省泥炭土有232万亩^[4]。其中稻田约有22万亩,水稻亩产一般为300斤,不到矿质稻田的三分之二。     

A simple equation for simulating C decomposition in a multi-component pool of soil organic matter

Partitioning carbon (C) pools presents theoretical and practical challenges in soil modelling. In most current models, organic matter (OM) is commonly divided into a number of pools using data-fitting techniques. It is often not possible to measure the properties of each pool of soil C simulated in this way. Furthermore, there is no effective way in current soil models to properly simulate inputs of OM with variable qualities in terms of decomposability. Here, we describe a simple model, taking the OM as a whole and assuming a rate constant function changing exponentially with time, to simulate C decomposition in a multi-component OM pool. The model requires fewer parameters to be estimated than current multi-component models, and the simulated properties of OM are measurable. When changing the quantity and the quality of OM input, the model produces results similar to multi-component models, but avoids the difficulty and uncertainty of OM partitioning.     

土壤提取液中酰基高丝氨酸内酯的气相色谱-质谱检测方法优化

建立并优化了利用气相色谱-质谱(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测酰基高丝氨酸内酯(Acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs)的分析方法。通过优化升温程序,采用选择离子检测(m/z 143),可同时检测7种AHLs(C4、C6、C7、C8、C10、C12和C14),检出限分别为1.50、2.00、1.50、2.00、2.00、2.50和2.50μg l-1,在2.0 mg l-1浓度范围内均呈线性关系(R20.997)。加标回收率实验表明,采用乙酸乙酯萃取,水中7种AHLs的回收率均在54%~97%之间;不同比例的土水体系中,砖红壤和黄棕壤提取液中AHLs的回收率均在56%~108%之间。不同介质中AHLs回收率与其Log P值(P:AHLs在正丁醇和水溶液中的分配比)及水溶解度对数均显著相关,表明采用乙酸乙酯萃取水和土壤提取液中的AHLs时,回收率主要与AHLs的Log P值和水溶解度有关。采用该方法对土壤提取液中AHLs进行测定发现砖红壤和黄棕壤提取液中7种AHLs的浓度分别为3.8~8.7μg l-1和4.2~9.8μg l-1。因此,不仅对于水溶液,土壤提取液等复杂介质中的AHLs也可以采用乙酸乙酯萃取后GC-MS进行分析测定。